A recent study led by University of Michigan behavioral scientist Michelle Segar has explored why many people struggle to maintain their exercise routines. The research, conducted with colleagues Jen Taber, John Updegraff, and Alexis McGhee-Dinvaut from Kent State University, focused on the concept of “all-or-nothing” thinking as a significant barrier to regular physical activity.
While this type of mindset has previously been examined in relation to eating and weight management, Segar notes that this is the first detailed investigation into how it affects exercise habits. The study involved four focus groups comprising 27 adults aged between 19 and 79 who reported difficulty sticking with their workout plans.
“Exercise-related all-or-nothing thinking occurs when a specific exercise plan becomes unworkable,” Segar said. “At this moment, when people cannot perfectly adhere to their plan (the ‘all’), they choose not to exercise at all rather than modify the plan.”
Segar explained that this mindset increases the perceived costs of exercising. “The all-or-nothing mindset creates high costs for exercising,” she said. “Most people are tired and overwhelmed, so in the moment of decision, the immediate costs of exercising feel much bigger than the benefits, making it a low-value choice. This makes doing ‘nothing’ a prudent choice and desirable exit strategy. Decisions to not exercise are often made outside of awareness—so people are likely unaware that choosing to forgo their exercise plans could be related to having an all-or-nothing mindset.”
According to Segar, understanding these patterns is a first step toward helping individuals who want to be active but find it difficult to sustain regular workouts.
The University of Michigan Ann Arbor is recognized as a public research university offering diverse academic programs across its main campus in Ann Arbor and additional campuses in Dearborn and Flint. The institution works to advance knowledge while preparing leaders for challenges in Michigan and beyond (official website). Founded in Detroit in 1817 before moving its primary campus to Ann Arbor in 1837 (official website), the university continues its mission through education and research.
