Ann Arbor Times

Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a groundbreaking laboratory-scale technique for three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD), traditionally available only through synchrotrons. This advancement allows scientists to explore the microstructures of metals, ceramics, and rocks directly in a standard laboratory setting.

The new method facilitates quick analysis in both academic and industrial contexts, offering educational opportunities alongside practical applications. Ashley Bucsek, a University of Michigan assistant professor, said, "This technique gives us such interesting data that I wanted to create the opportunity to try new things that are high risk, high reward and allow teachable moments for students without the wait-time and pressure of synchrotron beam time."

Previously, small-scale devices struggled to generate enough X-rays for 3DXRD as excessive power would melt the anode. In contrast, the new setup uses a liquid-metal-jet anode, able to handle more power, thereby increasing X-ray production. This adaptation allows researchers to conduct detailed examination using what Bucsek described as a "nice backyard telescope" compared to the conventional synchrotron "Hubble Telescope."

The team tested the laboratory technique against traditional methods using a titanium alloy sample. Their results showed a 96% accuracy in crystal detection, although smaller crystals were sometimes overlooked. The researchers believe that enhancements such as a more sensitive detector are possible.

This development also allows experiments to extend beyond synchrotron limits, aiding the study of cyclic loading, which examines how materials bear repeated stress.

The research received funding from the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, with contributions from PROTO Manufacturing and the Michigan Center for Materials Characterization.

Seunghee Oh, a former University of Michigan research fellow, is the study's first author and now works at Argonne National Laboratory.